Several tests are used to aid in the diagnosis. These tests include: X-rays of the mouth and throat, including CT computed tomography scans X-rays that show images in thin sections. PET scans positron emission tomography , which use radioactive materials to identify excessive activity in an organ. This may indicate the tumor is growing. Tongue cancer usually requires a biopsy, a small sample of tissue that is removed from a tumor to diagnose cancer.
After the surgeon removes the tissue, a pathologist will examine the cells under a microscope. There are different methods to obtain a biopsy: Fine needle aspiration biopsy.
A thin needle is inserted into the tumor mass and a sample is drawn out by suction into a syringe. Incisional biopsy. A sample is removed with a scalpel surgical knife. Punch biopsy. A small circular blade removes a round area of tissue. How is tongue cancer treated? Surgery Oral Tongue Surgical removal of the primary tumor might be the only treatment needed for small oral tongue cancers.
Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy, including intensity modulated radiation therapy , stops cancer cells from dividing and slows the growth of the tumor.
Radiation therapy involves five to six weeks of daily treatments. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is prescribed for different reasons: Together with radiotherapy as an alternative to surgery called chemoradiation After surgery to decrease the risk of the cancer returning To slow the growth of a tumor and control symptoms when the cancer cannot be cured palliative treatment.
Key points People can get cancer in the oral tongue — the part you can stick out — and the base of the tongue, which extends down the throat. The cancer is more common in people 40 and older. Tongue cancer can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Next steps Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen. Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. Maintaining the appearance of your mouth will also be a high priority. Mouth cancer and its treatment can cause complications. It can affect the appearance of your mouth and cause problems with speaking and swallowing dysphagia. Dysphagia can be a serious problem. If small pieces of food enter your airways when you try to swallow and the food become lodged in your lungs, it could lead to a chest infection, known as aspiration pneumonia.
Find out more about the complications of mouth cancer. The 3 most effective ways of preventing mouth cancer from happening, or stopping it from coming back after successful treatment, are:. The NHS recommends you drink no more than 14 units of alcohol a week. If you drink as much as 14 units a week, it's best to spread it evenly over 3 or more days. Find out about how to cut down on alcohol.
First Name let us know your preferred name. Last Name. Thank you for subscribing Your in-depth coping with cancer guide will be in your inbox shortly. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert. Head and neck cancers.
Rochester, Minn. Fort Washington, Pa. Accessed Sept. Flint PW, et al. Malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. Cancer that occurs on the inside of the mouth is sometimes called oral cancer or oral cavity cancer. Mouth cancer is one of several types of cancers grouped in a category called head and neck cancers. Mouth cancer and other head and neck cancers are often treated similarly. Make an appointment with your doctor or dentist if you have any persistent signs and symptoms that bother you and last more than two weeks.
Your doctor will likely investigate other more common causes for your signs and symptoms first, such as an infection. There is a problem with information submitted for this request.
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