There are seven major types of water pollution. The polluters are as follows: 1. Petroleum products 2. Pesticides and herbicides 3. Heavy metals 4. Dangerous waste 5. A surplus of organic material 6. Sediments 7. Contagious organisms. Petroleum products which are, among others, used for fuels, smears and the manufacture of plastics can end up in the water through the draining of ships and tankers, and the leaking of pipe lines and underground storage tanks.
Oil can contain dangerous polychlorobifenyls PCBs , which are chemical compounds that are very toxic and difficult to decompose. For that reason, an oil disaster within a short distance to a coast is often a catastrophe for the nature and the environment.
Pesticides and herbicides , the chemicals that are used for pest and weed control can be carried along by rain water, especially when too much pesticide is used. Some of the chemicals do not decomposed and remain dangerous for a long time. When animals eat plants which are sprayed with these non-decomposable chemicals, the substances may be absorbed into their tissue or organs. When other animals eat these contaminated animals, the chemicals move up through the food chain.
The higher in the food chain, the higher the pollution concentration. When humans eat contaminated fish, their health can be harmed too. Humans can have contact with pesticides through contaminated drinking water. More than 14 million Americans drink water that is polluted with pesticides every year.
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Some of the toxins in industrial waste may only have a mild effect whereas other can be fatal. They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure or acute poisoning.
Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water. Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause of infant mortality. Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from the water column. This causes the suffocation of fish and other aquatic organisms. Sulfate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes it contaminates, and can result in mortality.
Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for humans and the aquatic environment for marine life. Suspended particles can often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro-organisms.
Dangers to our Economy Water pollution can be damaging to the economy as it can be expensive to treat and prevent contamination. There are a number of water treatments to prevent pollution such as: Biological filters Chemical additives Sand filters These simple techniques cost money to maintain, but prevention is much cheaper than cleaning up water pollution that has already occurred.
The cost of a pollution clean-up depends on many factors: The location of the pollution is important in determining how much the clean-up will cost.
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