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Check for these active ingredients in your decongestant, especially if you have high blood pressure. Has it ever felt like your cold medicine is increasing your heart rate? The ingredient is pseudoephedrine, a decongestant marketed under the brand name Sudafed. The Science Behind Pseudoephedrine When you have a cold or an allergy attack, your white blood cells gather in your nasal passages and sinuses.
But those same constricted vessels might also increase your blood pressure and heart rate. More Meds that can Raise Blood Pressure Besides pseudoephedrine, cold and allergy sufferers with hypertension should be wary of: Afrin nasal spray which contains oxymetazoline Multi-symptom cold products with NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen If you take prescription medications that increase your blood pressure, such as Adderall or albuterol inhalers, the oxymetazoline in Afrin can also increase your blood pressure through a combined effect.
Phenylephrine For those with high blood pressure, phenylephrine is an alternative to pseudoephedrine. Old Cold Meds? If you suffer from hypertension, your heart will thank you. Tags: primary care.
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Please try again. Something went wrong on our side, please try again. Show references Understanding over-the-counter medications and high blood pressure. American Heart Association. Accessed March 7, Sexton DJ, et al. The common cold in adults: Treatment and prevention.
Have high blood pressure or heart disease? Be careful with these medications. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
Foy MC, et al. Drug-induced hypertension. Common cold. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed March 8, They exert their primary action by activating alpha-adrenergic receptors on blood vessels of the nasal mucosa. This results in vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow through the nasal mucosa and shrinks tissue.
The decongestants pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine may offer mild relief from nasal congestion associated with the common cold. Pseudoephedrine is a common ingredient in more than medications and has proved effective in treating nasal congestion. The drug was found to elevate BP in a meta-analysis that showed it significantly increased systolic BP 0. However, the results revealed no effect on diastolic BP.
Higher BP increases were associated with higher doses and immediate-release formulations of pseudoephedrine. Studies comparing phenylephrine with placebo showed no significant improvement in measures of nasal congestion.
Phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine have been described as safe and effective for treating nasal congestion. Naphazoline, oxymetazoline, and phenylephrine are commonly used topical decongestants. Although these agents are expected to promote local activity, the FDA requires their instructions to contain a warning for individuals with high BP; however, the data on the connection between their use and hypertension are sparse.
Unlike other topical decongestants, propylhexedrine is a topical OTC decongestant that is not required to carry a warning against unsupervised use in patients with hypertension. A Cochrane review concluded that monotherapy with antihistamines does not alleviate nasal congestion to a clinically significant degree. In that review, first-generation antihistamines were found to have greater adverse effects than placebo, with neither first- nor second-generation antihistamines increasing BP.
Antihistamines can be used in combination with decongestants; however, they should not be used in small children. Saline has been used to relieve congestion and is thought to thin mucus in the sinus cavities.
Increasing humidity in the environment of patients with nasal congestion may also provide relief; therefore, the use of humidifiers is recommended. A third solution, nasal strips may help open the nostrils and, therefore, improve breathing in patients with congestion.
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